Preterm infants rely on optimum external nutritional management and feeding, whereas a healthy fetus in a healthy pregnancy stays in utero until term and receives adequate placental nutrition for the growth of body mass, organs, and particularly the brain. Body composition assessments using Air Displacement Plethysmography (COSMED PEAPOD®) have been introduced into clinical practice at a few...

Effective execution of military missions in cold environments requires highly trained, well-equipped, and operationally ready service members. Understanding the metabolic energetic demands of performing physical work in extreme cold conditions is critical for individual medical readiness of service members. Key characteristics of the cold operational environment that cause excessive energy...

Adequate nutrition is of paramount importance in critically ill patients, as it can result in less muscle wasting, decreased length of hospital stay and decreased mortality.  Since metabolism, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional status are changing during the different phases of critical illness, it is difficult to ensure adequate nutritional intake. Indirect calorimetry is...