Intestinal failure is defined as the inability to absorb the minimum of macro and micronutrients, minerals and vitamins due to a reduction in gut function. In a subpopulation of patients with a dysfunctional gastrointestinal system, treatment with total or supplemental parenteral nutrition is required. The golden standard for the determination of energy expenditure is indirect calorimetry....

Critically ill patients with obesity have unique and complex nutritional needs, with clinical practice guidelines conflicting regarding recommended energy targets.   The aim of this systematic review was to describe measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) reported in the literature and compare mREE to predicted energy targets using the European (ESPEN) and American (ASPEN) guideline...

Indirect calorimetry is increasingly recommended to guide energy delivery in the ICU. This review aims to provide a critical overview of current literature in support of these recommendations.   There is insufficient evidence to ascertain a mortality benefit from indirect calorimetry-guided energy delivery. However, large variations in energy expenditure during critical illness pose...

Mechanically ventilated patients are weaned during acute care hospitalization when it is determined that they are ready for withdrawal. If weaning fails, patients are admitted to a rehabilitation medical center for continued supportive care and additional weaning attempts.   This study's objective is to increase the success rate of weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV),...